Paper 3 practice set: Reducing the consumption of sugary drinks in Lumeria. Part (a)(ii) of 10, 2 marks
HL Paper 3-style policy question, part (a)(ii) (AI-written practice set; not an IB question).
Paragraph 1: People in Lumeria drink more sugar-sweetened drinks per person than people in any neighbouring country. The health ministry links this to rising rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It estimates that each litre consumed creates external costs of L$0.30, mainly the cost of treatment in hospitals that are paid for by taxpayers and the working days that are lost through illness. The ministry assumes that this external cost is the same for every litre.
Paragraph 2: The government is considering three options. Option 1 is a specific indirect tax of L$0.30 per litre, paid by producers. Option 2 is a minimum price of L$1.20 per litre. Option 3 is a set of nudges: warning labels on the front of bottles, and making water the default drink in fixed-price meals. In a six-month trial in 40 shops and restaurants, Option 3 reduced purchases of sugary drinks by 6%.
Paragraph 1: One firm, FizzCo, supplies 60% of the market and earns abnormal profit on its premium brand, Zest (Table 2). FizzCo says that a tax would threaten some of the 3,000 jobs in its bottling plants, and it supports Option 3.
Paragraph 2: Anti-poverty groups point out that low-income households spend a larger share of their income on sugary drinks (Table 3), although illness related to diet is also most common in low-income households. In the neighbouring country of Borland sugary drinks are not taxed, and 15% of Lumerians live within 30 km of the border.
| Price (L$ per litre) | Quantity demanded (million litres) | Quantity supplied with no tax (million litres) | Quantity supplied with a tax of L$0.30 per litre (million litres) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.80 | 660 | 480 | 300 |
| 0.90 | 630 | 540 | 360 |
| 1.00 | 600 | 600 | 420 |
| 1.10 | 570 | 660 | 480 |
| 1.20 | 540 | 720 | 540 |
| 1.30 | 510 | 780 | 600 |
| 1.40 | 480 | 840 | 660 |
| Output (million litres) | Price (L$ per litre) | Total revenue (L$ million) | Total cost (L$ million) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | - | 0.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.70 |
| 2 | 1.80 | 3.60 | 2.30 |
| 3 | 1.60 | 4.80 | 3.00 |
| 4 | 1.40 | 5.60 | 3.80 |
| 5 | 1.20 | 6.00 | 4.90 |
| 6 | 1.00 | 6.00 | 6.30 |
| Item | Poorest 20% of households | Richest 20% of households |
|---|---|---|
| Annual household income (L$) | 8,000 | 60,000 |
| Sugary drinks expected to be bought per year if the tax is imposed (litres) | 200 | 150 |